This past week has brought some drier weather to east central Illinois than the week prior. In the eastern half of McLean County, soil moisture conditions looked good, overall, during my survey. Most fields have started to dry in the top couple of inches of the soil profile, but some parts of low-lying and/or poorly drained fields still had soils that were at field capacity. Compared to some of my surveys in recent weeks in neighboring counties, I saw very few soybean fields showing spots of plant stress due to waterlogging and/or soil-borne pathogens. A few of the corn fields I visited were showing early signs of stalk rot in some plants, although this seemed to be largely limited, at this time, to those wetter fields I mentioned earlier. Something else I saw in several of these wetter corn fields was corn ears containing both brown, senesced silks and unpollinated silks. The tassels in these fields did not appear to be shedding any viable pollen, which may mean it’s too late for these silks/ovules to make grain. Most corn was in the late R3 (milk) to early R4 (dough) range, but I did find one field at early dent (R5) and another still at blister (R2). Soybeans ranged from R3 (beginning pod) to late R5 (beginning seed), with most falling in the latter half of that range.

The season is winding down but diseases seem to be flaring as previously applied fungicides fade. Tar spot is gaining ground with cooler temps. It will flourish on corn that is in later growth stages. As corn approaches R5, many may choose not to spray. Downy mildew appeared in soybeans. Fungicides are useless against it. Overall, crops appear in good shape with April corn still looking better than Mid-May planted corn.

The last few mornings have brought significant rainfall across Logan, Menard, and Sangamon counties. High winds have accompanied this rain, but no crop damage has been observed or reported. While this rain has replenished some drier areas, it has caused a lot of standing water in the low-lying areas. The forecast for the next couple of days looks to be much of the same: rain in the morning with high temps and humidity in the afternoon. Crop progress remains steady. While these rains are beneficial, these humid and hot days are perfect conditions for crop diseases to flourish. No reports of diseases have been made in this area, but producers are keeping a close eye on their fields.

As July ends warmer temperatures and humidity returned to NE Illinois. While some appreciate seeing a sunrise mist with morning coffee, I think of extended leaf wetness on crops and that it often favors fungal leaf diseases. Despite these occurrences, I continue to see very limited leaf disease symptoms in corn or soy. From a maturity standpoint in fields visited, corn is transitioning from R3 (milk) to R4 (dough) stage. The starch within the kernel is converting from a liquid to a pasty consistency. R4 is often the shortest reproductive stage dependent on environmental conditions. Soy has reached R4 or the full pod stage. At this stage a ¾ inch (2 cm) pod can be found on one of the 4 uppermost nodes on the main stem. R4 through R6 (full seed) is a critical time for the soybean plants exposed to environmental stresses. Issues at this time can cause more significant yield decreases than other growth stages.
Recently Dr. Doris Lagos (USDA-ARS) at the University of Illinois reported finding corn aphids in the suction trap network https://suctiontrapnetwork.org/data/ and in fields. Several have corroborated finding corn aphids and suggested treating specifically for the pest. In my scouting visits I am finding corn aphid populations where I often find them, on plants at or near field edges, and at very low densities (random mostly singular plants).

We have gotten quite a bit of rain in the last week in LaSalle County, with most areas seeing between 2-3 inches. Some areas in Bureau County received up to 4 inches of precipitation in the past week. With this, many fields have fairly saturated soils, but I have not noticed any ponding. Overall crops are looking very good and progressing well. I have not seen excessive disease or pest pressure in most fields. Corn is at R3 (milk), and soy is at R5 (beginning seed). Weeds are getting very large in some fields though (see image of waterhemp).

In general, all the crops are looking good with very few issues other than weather related problems. Last week’s surge in aphid populations is now a thing of the past with rainstorms, disease and predators sending the populations into a nosedive.

It’s been another wet week in Champaign County. While starting my survey in the southern half of the county on Wednesday (7/31) this week, yet another front was moving through the area with more rain in the forecast for the coming days. Although we have seen frequent storms, the Illinois Soil and Water Survey weather station in Champaign received only approximately 1 inch of rain in total in the past 7 days, with perhaps a bit more in the southwest portion of the county. In that part of the county, there were a few fields with flooded out areas, but crop loss from outright flooding or diseases associated with waterlogged soils appears to still be relatively minimal, with most corn and soybean fields in the area still looking very healthy. Soils were obviously wet as I walked through fields, but still firm and not waterlogged in most areas. Corn fields surveyed ranged from R1 to R3, and full-season soybean fields surveyed ranged from R2 to R4. The one field of double-crop soybeans I found was just starting to flower.

The good news is that it rained, but the bad news is it has not stopped for a few days now. The mid May planted corn is at brown silk and hopefully successfully pollinated. April planted soybeans are tall and a bit tangled after recent storms. No major issues found. Bacterial blight seems to reappeared after cool and wet weather.

This week, I went east and surveyed the southern half of Vermilion County. Overall, the corn and soybean crop looked healthy, and soil conditions were near ideal to only mildly wet in most areas. However, there were some low-lying soybean fields showing pockets of stressed plants showing symptoms of root rot and a few instances where the plants have died. This has been a common observation of my past few reports in surrounding counties with differing levels of severity. In southern Vermilion County currently, crop loss appears to be lower than it is a bit further west and southwest. Most soybean fields I stopped at were at late R2 to early R3. Japanese beetles are easy to find in most fields, but defoliation levels were still well below threshold in fields I stopped at. Most corn was R1-R2, and as noted in Nick Seiter’s post, a few of the fields surveyed had corn leaf aphid colonies present.

Scout continuously in corn and soybean field. Corn is the hot topic for the week. Corn Aphids have continued to move in the area and are taking their toll on certain hybrids. Soybeans have been fairly clean overall from insects or disease pressure