The beans are TALL as they enter the mid-R stages of growth. All fields I scouted this week were between R3 and R5 (beginning pod to beginning seed), depending on planting date. Corn is currently around the R3 to R4 (milk to dough) stage.

Stephanie and I saw some red crown rot in soybean fields around the Shelby/Macon County area, specifically in fields where she found it two years ago. The disease shows very visible symptoms, including yellowing and browning between the leaf veins (interveinal necrosis) as well as reddish discoloration at the base of the plant near the root. When you look at the root of a soybean plant infected with red crown rot, you’ll often notice white fungal growth (mycelia). Warm soil temperatures (77–86°F) are ideal for this fungus to thrive, so the recent warm days have likely contributed to its presence.

A week without precipitation, and northeast Illinois returns to abnormally dry on the U.S. Drought Monitor. Disease pressure in corn is starting to build as much of the crop has reached R4 (dough stage). A Corn Fungicide ROI Calculator tool—accessible on the Crop Protection Network website—is designed for both gray leaf spot and tar spot when corn is in the V10 to R3 growth stages. It requires inputs for expected yield, marketing price, and either a low or high disease estimate. Using those inputs, the tool provides a breakeven probability for most commonly used fungicides. Iowa State suggests that, regardless of which fungal diseases are present, a fungicide application after R3 is not likely to provide a return on investment.

This week I traveled to campus for the Illinois FFA Crop Scouting Competition. A windshield survey of the 90-mile trip on backroads from Champaign north to Grundy County suggests, once again, some remarkable corn and soybean crops in this region of the state.

Conditions over the past two weeks have reverted back to being dry, with temperatures in the upper 80s to low 90s. The corn and soybeans have been progressing very quickly with the increased Growing Degree Units (GDUs) and just enough moisture. As we look at the drought map, most of northern Illinois remains in D0 drought, with a small area south of Chicago in D1. The future forecast calls for more of the same: lower humidity and moderately high temperatures. I expect growing conditions to be ideal as we move through ear and pod fill in both crops. On the season, we are approaching 1,900 GDUs.

Corn is moving quickly through reproductive stages and is mostly at R3 (milk stage), with a few fields slightly behind at late-stage R2. Within the fields, disease is starting to creep in, but it is nothing I would be overly concerned about. Tar spot is replicating in the lower leaves thanks to some lower temperatures and heavy dews, but fungicides are keeping the upper canopy clean and ideal for ear fill. I have not seen much northern corn leaf blight. Gray leaf spot is present in the lower canopy, but again, this isn’t anything to worry about. I’ve seen a few corn leaf beetles, but they remain far below any threshold of economic loss. Overall, corn is looking great as we enter a bit of a lull in the growing season.

Soybeans have made a large jump in size thanks to the weather and ideal growing conditions. Fields with taller varieties are chest-high on me (6’3″, for reference) and are lush. Pods are beginning to fill out and are mostly at R4, entering R5 as the beans begin seed fill. Overall, this is one of the cleanest years disease-wise that I have seen in soybeans. Ideal temperatures and a general lack of moisture have produced very little disease pressure. Other than the occasional wet spot from heavy rains in July, soybeans are looking great across the board.

Soil moisture conditions across the three counties vary from normal to moderate drought.
Soybeans planted in April are in the R5 stage (Full Pod), and the April-planted corn is in the R4 stage (Dough), with ear tip kernels starting to dent.

Over the past two weeks, heavy rains have fallen in some areas, and Red Crown Rot is beginning to appear where those high rainfalls occurred. If you suspect Red Crown Rot, send a plant sample to the University of Illinois Plant Clinic for positive identification.

Remember, interveinal chlorosis of soybean leaves can be caused by Brown Stem Rot, Sudden Death Syndrome, or Red Crown Rot.

We had a few corn leaf aphid reports, but nothing approaching what we saw last year; those should be winding down as most of the crop progresses well into the reproductive stages. I’ve received several identification requests for the redheaded flea beetle, so I thought I would share a photo. These have been easy to find this year in both corn and soybeans; every few years, we see abnormally high numbers. As you can see from the picture, they resemble the corn flea beetle (the vector of Stewart’s wilt), but they are much larger—maybe 3/16″ to 1/4″ long—and have a reddish-brown head, as the name suggests. While they will feed on corn and soybean foliage and can be found quite easily in corn silks, I’ve never seen them approach economically damaging levels.

In my field survey this week, most of the soybeans staged anywhere from mid- to late R3 to mid R5. Fields seem to have done well setting pods, though I was not seeing many four-bean pods at this point. Corn was staging from mid- to late blister (R2) through late milk (R3). Developing ears are beginning to reach a respectable size, and the silks are browning and drying in the fields that are farther along.

We are getting a reprieve from some of the heat we experienced over the last couple of weeks, with daytime highs in the mid to upper 80s and overnight lows now forecast to be in the upper 60s to low 70s. We even had a few nights dip into the upper 50s. These comfortable overnight temperatures provide the crops with a much-needed break from the heat and sunshine during the day, allowing them to fill ears and pods at a better pace—hopefully improving test weight.

Both corn and soybean crops look great right now, with plentiful moisture from rains throughout most of July. This is keeping the crop green and mostly healthy, with the exception of corn leaf diseases coming in and an array of soybean feeders as well. I believe that growers who decided to spray fungicides this season will be happy with that choice. I worry about fields that were not sprayed. Unfortunately, I also see enough disease coming back in now that a second application may become necessary due to increasing tar spot and other diseases. Our saving grace will be that the corn crop is maturing at a rapid pace.

I focused this week’s crop report on the double-crop soybeans during my travels to southern Illinois, where my parents live. Due to a wet June and early July, the soybeans planted after wheat went in under less-than-ideal conditions. Most of the fields I walked or drove by are around 80–85% emerged. This made weed control tougher, and yields will likely be below average due to only 80–85% of the plants emerging in these fields. Waterhemp is a main issue in all soybeans. Early rainfall did not allow pre-emerge herbicides to do their job, and some fields unfortunately were not sprayed and relied solely on a post-emergence application. Even with these weed issues, overall the soybeans and corn crop look really good for southwest Illinois this time of year.

Both corn and soybeans are progressing well so far in Edgar County. Soils in most fields surveyed were starting to get dry, with cracks forming and minimal moisture in the top 3–4 inches. At the time of my survey in the afternoon of 8/5, small pop-up showers were in the area, but they provided minimal relief. Of the corn fields surveyed, most are in the late R4 (“dough”) to early R5 (“dent”) stage, with a couple of fields still in the late R3 (“milk”) to early R4 (“dough”) stages. Relatively minor tip dieback—presumably due to recent moisture stress—was prevalent in many, but not all, fields surveyed. Foliar and stalk diseases are starting to show up, but pressure still appears minimal at this time.

Soybean fields surveyed were primarily in the R4 (“full pod”) to R5 (“beginning seed”) stages, with some stragglers still in the R3 (“beginning pod”) stage. Again, no major signs of disease are showing up yet in the soybean fields surveyed. Japanese beetle feeding was easy to find, although it was still below recommended thresholds for control (https://farmdoc.illinois.edu/field-crop-production/insects/japanese-beetle-management-guidelines.html).

Subsoil moisture is still not adequate. Overall, we are one rain away from a fantastic finish on our beans. Most bean fields have some waterhemp or ragweed popping through in some capacity.