Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) continues to be one of the most damaging pests in soybean fields across Illinois and the Midwest. But new research, funded by the Illinois Soybean checkoff program, is exploring an innovative way to manage SCN populations—by targeting them at the genetic level. 

The project, led by Dr. Matthew Hudson and his team, is focused on using genetic engineering tools like CRISPR to disrupt SCN reproduction and survival. Similar technology has already been used to control insect pests like mosquitoes, and now researchers are asking if it can work on nematodes.  

Before they can edit any genes, researchers first have to fully understand SCN’s life cycle and pinpoint the exact stages to target. Through several successful trials, Dr. Hudson’s team has determined the best time points to collect SCN at every major life stage—from eggs and juveniles to adult males and females. 

They’re also working on fine-tuning how to extract nematodes from soybean roots and how to isolate high-quality RNA from those nematodes—important groundwork that sets the stage for gene sequencing and further lab testing.

A soybean cyst nematode in the process of establishing a feeding site in a soybean root. Late juvenile 2 or early juvenile 3 stage. Credit – Matthew Hudson

“We’re close to completing trials that help us get clean RNA samples,” says Dr. Hudson. “That will allow us to analyze which genes are specific to male and female nematodes—information that’s key for any genetic control strategy.” 

Once RNA extraction is complete, the team will begin RNA sequencing to identify target genes for potential gene transfer. They’re also setting up specialized equipment such as high-precision microscope and microinjection system to begin lab trials that introduce test genes into SCN. 

The goal is to eventually develop a method that interferes with SCN’s ability to reproduce, effectively lowering population pressure in soybean fields without relying solely on resistant varieties or chemical treatments. 

To follow along with this checkoff-funded research and see more agronomic studies in progress, visit the Field Advisor Research Hub.