Weather is warmer and drier than normal, and I think we will start to see planters rolling a little early this season. In this report, I would like to focus attention on the carry-over effects of 2025 trials on 2026 cereal rye cover crops. The first image is the 0-N treatment from a 2025 MRTN trial. The second image is a 0-N treatment alongside a 200-N treatment in the same trial. In both images, the biomass on the 0-N control is significantly less than where we used commercial nitrogen. This begs two questions: how much nitrogen would be lost from near optimum N rates if we weren’t growing a cereal rye cover behind it? And just as importantly, if we are trying to build soil health, how important is commercial nitrogen to drive biomass production? The last image is a little harder to interpret, but it shows the residual strips of greater cereal rye biomass associated with a 2025 in-furrow nitrogen fixing bacteria treatment applied with only water. This begs another question: what is the long-term value/impact of biological treatments in the soil biome? As usual, agronomy comes with more questions than answers and a lot of ‘it depends’, but we are seeing some clues to help us figure out what’s happening.